What is PUABundler:Win32/CandyOpen?

As I’ve said in the introduction, CandyOpen is a detection name for a specific program that spreads bundles with unwanted programs. It was developed back in the late 2000s as a way to monetize free applications by adding some advertised content along with the main installation. But as the overall functionality of the app allowed for more extensive and intrusive changes, foul actors began misusing it.

The way this misuse was happening made the major cybersecurity vendors consider OpenCandy a malicious program. It is capable of changing browser settings by itself, and the additional programs it usually installs can inject unwanted ads into pages, modify the web browser even more, and do similar dirty things. So having one to run in your system means a browser full of ads, pop-up advertisements flooding both system and browser, and unwanted programs getting installed. Not to mention potential data stealing, that the Win32/CandyOpen is capable of – read on to see the details.

To sum up, a PUABundler:Win32/CandyOpen detection means a malware that delivers unwanted programs and is capable of messing up your system on its own. But to have a more detailed look and a better understanding of this thing, let’s analyze it by running on a virtual machine.

CandyOpen Malware Analysis

Finding the appropriate CandyOpen sample was rather easy. To be clear, it does not behave like a straightforward malware on the surface. You can find it in the list of installed apps; there is even an option to disable additional installations in the menu. But the actions it does to the system once it is launched are quite unambiguous.

As you allow the thing to run under admin privileges, all further actions it does are done without your confirmation. You will speechlessly spectate various shortcuts to appear on your desktop, and your browser going mad with pop-ups and redirects. As soon as CandyOpen runs in the system, it starts with changing the browser properties, particularly search engine and start page. Then, it requests the list of unwanted programs to install from the command server, and proceeds with the installation.

Here goes the main concern: while CandyOpen usually installs junk apps which are not outright malicious, nothing stops it from installing malware. Still, the sheer volume of troubles it already brings to your system is enough to say that this should not run in your system.

List of PUABundler:Win32/CandyOpen actions:

That is the comprehensive collection of CandyOpen actions, things done by the majority of widespread samples. The particular sample you may find can have only a part of these functions or even go beyond it. Con actors who use it for monetization can alter the CandyOpen in many ways, so it better fits their purposes.

How to remove PUABundler:Win32/CandyOpen?

Removing Win32/CandyOpen is possible manually, but I’d recommend you to use anti-malware software. This will speed up the process and make it much easier for you. Also, manual removal makes it nearly impossible to find and remove unwanted or malicious programs present in the system.

GridinSoft Anti-Malware is a program that will remove PUABundler:Win32/CandyOpen in no sweat. It will also find and remove all the additional junk CandyOpen can bring. And overall, this program is a solid addition to your system’s security.

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What is Antimalware Service Executable?

Antimalware Service Executable is an internal process related to Windows Defender. It is responsible for your system’s antivirus protection – unless you have the other security program on your PC. If you open Task Manager, you will find the process in question in the list of background processes. The executable file associated with the msmpeng.exe process is exactly the executable file of Windows Defender. It sometimes causes a lot of disturbances on msmpeng.exe high CPU usage, since the computer is quite hard to use in that state. Let me explain why that happens.

Regardless of whether it was a blatant flaw of Windows developers or Defender was deliberately designed with the future computer powers in mind, the fact remains: the Windows security program can be extremely annoying sometimes. And most often, this irritation aims at the Antimalware Service Executable process because of its behavior. Since the Defender is an integral part of Windows, it might start a scan at that very moment when you least need it. It depends on your CPU power, of course, but in most cases, Antimalware Service Executable high CPU usage may cause a considerable decrease in the performance of your PC. When it does its monitoring procedures, opening your browser to check your mailbox may become quite a headache.

Any anti-malware program takes significant CPU and RAM amounts during the scanning. That’s why it is useless to try to decrease it – you’d extend the scan time without achieving real success. Our hints in this article are to reschedule the msmpeng.exe activity and customize the time when Defender will be active for it to be less bothersome. When you expect, the Windows Defender activity, it will be much easier to decrease the negative effect of Antimalware Service Executable high memory usage. The more radical solution we suggest is switching to a lighter security program instead of a cumbersome Defender. We do not recommend you disable Antimalware Service Executable since leaving your system unprotected is worse than having sporadic performance issues.

MsMpEng.exe Process

MsMpEng.exe process is an executable file of Microsoft Defender. The Antimalware Service Executable service launches it on the system start unless the user chooses another option. However, seeing exactly the MsMpEng.exe process running in your Task Manager is a bad sign. By default, if you don’t use a third-party process exploring utilities, this name will not appear. Instead, you will see the name of the corresponding service we mentioned above. The most common case for seeing the MsMpEng.exe in Task Manager is the presence of malware that uses this name as a disguise. Usually, such a masquerade is used by coin miner trojans.

Antimalware Service Executable: Rescheduling processes

The most resource-consuming and, therefore, the most irritating process executed by Windows Defender is a full scan. However, it is not a useless tool. If you wish to stick to Windows Defender as your security solution, it is smart to schedule full scans for some time when they will not interrupt your work. That’s how you do it:

1. Open the Task Scheduler through the Search. Type “Task Scheduler,” and click on the first result.
   
2. In the left pane, click Task Scheduler Library and then move to Library→Microsoft→Windows→Windows Defender. You will see Windows Defender Scheduled Scan, Windows Defender Cache Maintenance, Windows Defender Cleanup, and Windows Defender Verification in the middle pane as you open the Windows Defender folder. All these four services need to undergo the following procedure.
   
3. We will start with Windows Defender Scheduled Scan. Double-click on it, then click the Conditions tab and uncheck all options to clear scheduled scans. To schedule some new scans, which is desirable for security reasons, add some in the same window – in the Triggers tab.
   
4. Create a new schedule for the full scans of your system. Consider conducting a scan at least once a week as a security requirement. That is just a piece of advice, though. You can set an appropriate time of the day for scanning your PC when the process will not bother you.

Don’t forget about the remaining services shown in the Windows Defender folder! They appear in the background as well and still affect your performance. Do the same actions to those parameters.

Excluding Defender from the scan list

By default, Windows Defender scans every object on your device’s storage. As it runs onto itself, the performance of your PC especially degrades. Moreover, other software issues might occur, causing the aforementioned msmpeng.exe high CPU usage. It is reasonable to put Windows Defender on the scan exclusion list so that the program doesn’t even try to scan itself. To add Windows Defender to the scan exclusion list, do the following:

1. Open Task Manager. Find Antimalware Service Executable in the processes list. Right-click on it and select Open File Location in the drop-down menu.
   
2. In the opened window, you need to copy the full path of the Antimalware Service Executable. Click on the address bar with the right mouse button and press “Copy path”.
   
3. Now launch Windows Defender. You can use the Start Menu search bar to input Windows Defender right there and open the first found item. In the opened Windows Defender Security Center, go to Virus & threat protection → Virus & threat protection settings. Scroll the settings down to Exclusions and click Add or Remove exclusions. On the opened screen, press Add and Exclusion, select Folder, and paste the path from your clipboard. Click Open, and Windows Defender will not scan the folder where Antimalware Service Executable is located.
   

Disable Windows Defender

As was mentioned, we don’t recommend disabling Antimalware Service Executable since it plays a significant role in your device’s security. However, if you want to cut the Gordian knot at once and deactivate Windows Defender, here is how to pull this off. Since it is a Windows built-in component, you cannot remove Defender as if it were an arbitrarily installed application. You can only deactivate it. Should you proceed, remember that turning off Windows security will leave your device bare before the possible threats. Make sure you think of a substitute for Windows Defender – having a lame horse is better than walking.

To deactivate Windows Defender, do the following steps:

1. Open Run by pressing Win+R. In the dialog box, type RegEdit and click OK.
   
2. In the opened Registry Editor, take the following path using the navigation pane on the left side of the window: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender
   
3. If you see the DisableAntiSpyware registry entry, double-click it and set its value to 1. If you can’t find this registry entry, right-click the right pane of the Registry Editor window and, in the dropdown menu, select: New → DWORD (32-bit) Value. Name this entry DisableAntiSpyware. Double-click the entry and set its value to 1.

Installing an alternative solution

Users shouldn’t leave their systems unprotected. As soon as you deactivate the Windows default security program, you will need a substitute for it to stay safe. We suggest that you give GridinSoft Anti-Malware a try. This versatile program features all state-of-the-art functions that Windows Defender could boast about. Scheduled deep scans, on-run protection, and Internet security are all there. However, thanks to the developers’ initial intention to make the solution quick and lightweight, Anti-malware does not obstruct your work process even when in the most active phase.

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In this article, we consider two types of pests: polymorphic and metamorphic viruses, which were designed to destroy the integrity of the operating system and harm the user. Before we find out what is the difference between polymorphic and metamorphic viruses, let’s figure out what is virus in general and where it originates.

Virus is a type of malware that aims to infect the victim’s device, break its integrity and distribute its copies for further infection. Malware is malicious software, any program that is designed to do harm to its victim via stealing money or data, extortion, digital vandalism, work disruption, identity theft, etc.

What is Polymorphic Virus?

To understand what a polymorphic virus is, let’s first pose a threat. This threat is constantly hidden from anti-malware, it manages to create itself a similar virus as if it regenerates. The main purpose of the threat is the users device and data thereon, for which it is ready to change as much as it takes. So to summarize:

A polymorphic virus is a complex virus that is encrypted with a variable key so that each copy of this virus differs from the other. The purpose of this virus is to hide from anti-malware or scanners. Any pest can be detected through anti-malware or scanner, but this virus is smart, it has learned to pick up different encryption keys. For example, the user downloaded a file on the website, then the second user entered the same site and downloaded the same file. However, the two downloaded files don’t look the same for security programs.

In the normal course of action, a scanner or anti-malware could detect the virus through two identical keys in different files, but a polymorphic virus uses different encryption keys on different files, making the task more difficult than it seems. Therefore, there are two methods by which it is possible to detect polymorphic viruses. This is a general description of the technology and an algorithm of the input point. The general description technology allows the file to be run on a protected virtual computer. The login algorithm provides machine code verification at the point of each file, so it uses software virus detection.

What is Metamorphic Virus?

Now let’s start looking at metamorphic virus. It will reprogram itself. What could it mean? The virus tries to outmaneuver the antivirus and transmits its own code and at the same time creates a temporary representation. After it has bypassed the security, it is written back into the normal code. Copies of this virus are always different, making it difficult for anti-malware to detect these copies.

A metamorphic virus can be transformed due to its ability to edit, rewrite and translate its own code. The purpose of the virus is to damage the computer but to make it so that it is unnoticed by anti-malware. Metamorphic virus does not use encryption keys to change its copies. The virus converts its existing instructions into functionally equivalent instructions when creating its copy. This is why the virus cannot return to its original form. This is the moment that complicates the work of anti-malware programs. There are two methods to detect metamorphic viruses: using emulators for tracking and geometric detection.

Difference Between Polymorphic and Metamorphic Virus

While these viruses are generally similar in that they attempt to circumvent the security system by altering their own codes, there is still a difference between them.

1. Polymorphic virus involves changing each copy of its code to bypass anti-malware protection, while Metamorphic Virus with each iteration rewrites its own code.
2. The polymorphic virus uses the encryption key to change its code, while Metamorphic Virus itself rewrites its code.
3. Writing Metamorphic Virus is much more difficult for a programmer than creating a Polymorphic one, because you need to use several methods of conversion.
4. Methods for detecting these two viruses are different. In the case of polymorphic viruses, we need such methods: general description technology and input point algorithms. And in the case of Metamorphic Virus, you need to use the following methods: the use of emulators for tracking and geometric detection.

This article made us realize that attackers find more and more methods to infect systems every day. In order to reduce the risks of infection and prevent threats, install an effective security program on your PC. Gridinsoft Anti-malware is a great choice. Do not neglect your safety. Gridinsoft Anti-Malware is proper and reliable protection that will be your best line of defense.

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Knowing about cybersecurity threats is crucial because it livens up the safety measures. In addition, when you’re aware of what is up against you on the Internet, you understand the meaning of cybersecurity.

The following article is not a list of cybersecurity threats in a strictly scientific sense. Instead, we have gathered some of the trending phenomena from modern cyber-warfare (some of them are threats indeed) to present them in the form of an explanatory dictionary.

#1. Hacking Attacks

Any activity toward getting unauthorized access to and control over computers, data storage, online servers, websites, etc., is called “hacking”. The term is old, and hacking computer systems does not necessarily imply going online, although it mostly happens on the Internet nowadays.

Hacking cybersecurity threats may involve malicious software (malware¹) but not necessarily, since social engineering, i.e., trespassing digital security by deception, using human and not computer vulnerabilities, can be seen as a form of hacking.

Hacking started as idle entertainment but evolved into a lucrative cybercriminal industry. Counteracting potential crooks and developing anti-malware software is now an indispensable element of modern computer technology.

#2. Malware Attacks

“Malware” is a portmanteau for malicious software. There are different ways to classify unwanted programs. Some security specialists distinguish between software that does actual harm and annoying applications that can be easily detected and removed from a device by a standard procedure. Other experts consider unwanted programs and malware synonyms.

Harmful software can itself be classified according to different criteria. For example, Malware may be a file or non-file entity executed via scripts when no code is saved on the targeted device.

Malware files can be the ones that trespass the defenses of the victim system, or they can be downloaded later by the former. As for the infectious agents, these can be viruses, worms, or Trojans. Other types might emerge too, but these three are the most widespread. Besides, viruses ², which gave malware its first collective name, are obsolete nowadays. But do you know the difference between malware and virus?

The functions of malware are immense. It can collect data, destroy or tamper with it, flood users with unwanted advertising, etc. However, the vilest malware these days is arguably ransomware.

Trojan Horse (Cybersecurity Threat)

Trojan horse, or just Trojan³ is a term that describes the way malware ends up on the victim’s device. It is incorrect to say “Trojan virus,” as Trojans are essentially not computer viruses; the latter are self-replicating pieces of code. Trojans, unlike that, are shaped as “normal” files, and they do not clone themselves. What is specific about them is that users install Trojans themselves, mistaking them for what this malware tries to seem. This disguising is what gave Trojans their name (remember Odyssey’s clever way to get beyond the walls of Troy.)

When the Trojan is already “behind the enemy lines,” it can execute one of many possible functions. It can either deliver its malicious payload or download additional malware, and one doesn’t exclude the other.

#3. Ransomware Attacks

Ransomware⁴ are a kind of malware that encrypts data on the victim’s device. It provides instructions on how to pay ransom in cryptocurrency to the crooks, who promise to deliver a decryption key to the injured side in return.

Trojans usually deliver ransomware. Victims often catch this infection from email attachments, malicious links in messages, or unchecked downloads from dangerous websites. Ransomware encodes data files, such as text documents, images, and videos, after which all the encrypted files get an additional extension to their names. As a result, the user cannot read the files until they are decrypted.

Ransomware attacks have become a functioning business model for crooks within the last several years. State governments have started a real war on ransomware. The US authorities have started shutting down black markets where hackers have been selling ransomware as a service.

MedusaLocker Ransomware

MedusaLocker is classic ransomware with one mean peculiarity. Unlike the majority of ransomware operators, who would love to have the publicity of “trustworthy thieves,” racketeers behind MedusaLocker don’t give the decryption key to the victims, who pay ransom to them. Jeopardizing the whole business scheme, MedusaLocker developers are another illustration of the advice not to negotiate with the terrorist.

#4. Formjacking Cybersecurity Threat

A modern way of stealing money is to get a copy of the credit card details an unaware user inputs in a payment form, let us say, at an online shop. As the shopper confirms the credit card details, a copy of the entered data immediately goes right to the crooks. This vile procedure requires injecting a malicious JavaScript code into the third party’s payment form, usually not the website itself. Hackers can use the same technique to steal logins and passwords with the subsequent identity theft.

#5. Password Attacks

Password attacks are the sum of measures hackers may undertake to pick a password to a password-protected account or device, considering that they do not have that password and do not have any software to obtain it precisely. Therefore, password attacks are attempts to guess the password using computer powers to do it as fast as possible. The most “fair” method is a brute force attack when the machine bluntly tries all possible password variants until it guesses it.

A strong password might take thousands of years to break. But, of course, it is not about trying every value without any relation to what is being hacked. For example, There are usually sets of words and numbers that are more likely to be the correct password in every particular case. That is what the machine does: it realistically varies the entered values.

#6. Cryptojacking Malware

Since cryptocurrency strengthened its position in the world economy, hackers have been developing ways to benefit from other people’s resources. Bitcoins and other tokens are produced via mining – solving the cryptographic problems by the obtaining machine. Thus, criminals sought to enslave as many computers on the Web as possible for their remote mining farms. They found different methods for crypto-jacking (that’s what this process is called.)

The two most common ways to exploit remote machines for cryptocurrency mining are infecting them with so-called coin miners (mostly Trojans) or making them run coin-mining scripts. Precaution measures against these cybersecurity threats are known and familiar – be careful around questionable email attachments and links.

#7. Man-in-the-middle attack (MITM)

Spoofing a wi-fi networkname allows crooks to lure their victims into a network fitted with data-collecting software or even hardware. The user’s incoming and outbound traffic gets into the crooks’ possession. This spying scheme is called man-in-the-middle. It can equally serve criminals to attack a specific target or conduct identity theft of random persons, unlucky to fall into their trap.

#8. Cloud Vulnerabilities

Users consider cloud storage an excellent and convenient place to keep their data and have their hard drives back up there. That is true! But is the cloud safe? People seldom care about cloud data security because they do not expect anyone to hunt for their information. However, any company with competitors or an influential person should know that there are vulnerabilities in cloud services.

Some of them are trivial, like the absence of two-factor authentication, which can allow someone to get someone to benefit from a logged-in machine. Others involve commands written in inner script languages of the cloud services, DDoS attacks, compromising APIs, and other vulnerabilities that raise questions about the security of cloud services.

#9. Botnet Cybersecurity Threat

A botnet⁵ is a network of compromised computers that act in concert to perform various possible actions. Each botnet host is a computer with specialized software installed and running on it, usually unbeknownst to the user. Regardless of what the botnet does, the botnets, in general, are mostly vile. These networks are used for posting commentaries on social media, creating DDoS attacks, mining cryptocurrency, distributing malware, etc.

#10. Denial of Service (Dos) Attack

Denial of service Dos attack happens to a resource that is supposed to provide said service but gets overloaded by the enormous number of requests or receives crafted data that triggers the crash. This type of attack is usually undertaken against websites of business competitors, political opponents, ideological enemies, or other states’ critical resources by the cybersecurity threats from the opposing countries.

If a DoS assault involves multiple attackers (real people or a botnet), it is called distributed denial of service (DDoS.) An international hacktivist group Anonymous is well known for its capacity for quick organization of massive DDoS attacks. However, the usage of VPNs and onion routing makes tracking of attackers virtually impossible.

#11. Spam Cybersecurity Threat

Spam is a well-known practice of throwing unwanted and unneeded advertising at random users. However, if earlier spam was a type of advertising and fraud, the hackers later caught on and started using spam to spread malware. The combination of spam and malware distribution is called malspam. The difference between malspam and hacking attacks involving email is that the former is a wild distribution of dangerous attachments in random mailing sprees.

#12. Phishing Attack

Phishing is a hacking technique that does not necessarily involve malware at all! The attack’s name comes from the word “fishing,” with letters changed to distinguish it from real fishing. But the point is similar. Hackers use social engineering, in other words – skillful deception, to make victims think that people who address them are some trustworthy company or person. But it is very important not to confuse the difference between phishing and pharming!

After such a connection is established, criminals lure unaware users into providing their credentials (login, password, credit card details, etc.) Without knowing the real identity of the asker, victims can bear considerable losses up to identity theft. Therefore, education and vigilance are the best countermeasures to such attacks.

#13. Spoofing Cybersecurity Threats

Spoofing is undividable from phishing. For example, imagine someone who impersonates a police officer to make you lend him your car. That person says there is phishing, while his fake uniform and the policeman’s badge are spoofing. Likewise, email letterhead, email address, web page appearance, website address, wi-fi network name, browser shortcut and interface, and whatnot can be an object of spoofing.

Experienced users are likely to distinguish a genuine webpage from a spoofed one. There are also basic rules of Internet communication that can safeguard users from buying into deceptive baits. However, the problem is that phishing generally targets inexperienced users.

#14. SQL Injection (SQLi) Cybersecurity Threats

SQL code injection is one of the common ways of hacking websites and data-driven software. It exploits software vulnerabilities that allow a specially crafted piece of SQL code to override the intended principles of the program and grant hackers access to the data from a database to which they don’t have legal access.

The vulnerability emerges because the flaws in programming may result in SQL requests being read and executed as commands out of correct context in certain conditions. Knowing these conditions and how to exploit them makes SQL injection attack possible.

#15. Rootkit Malware Attack

Rootkits are the programs that perfectly fit the definition and popular idea of a hacking tool. Rootkits are strongly associated with malware. Cybercriminals use them to reach the data closed for the user with the current level of access. As the tool’s name reveals, it aims to provide its user with access to the very core of the system, its root.

This kind of software grants evil-doers a broad scope of opportunities: collecting information from the system, controlling the system, and masking the objects within it. Modern security software automatically clears the known rootkits attack, but it will be a problem for an average user to detect and delete.

#16. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

Nation-state threat actors gaining unauthorized access to computer systems and remaining undetected for a long time are designated as advanced persistent cybersecurity threats. APTs are among the most disturbing menaces in the modern digital world because they target countries’ vital industries like banks, electronic election systems, electric energy supply, etc. Moreover, being legalized in their own countries, nation-state threat actors are well-equipped, and they aim to harm , not make money like the ransomware operators. That radically distinguishes APTs from the other threats.

#17. Backdoor Attacks

A backdoor is a way of bypassing standard authentication or encryption processes in a device or a program. The item’s name in question speaks for itself; it is a vulnerability of a program, but it is left there on purpose. It allows hackers (who are, in the case of a backdoor, the very developers of the software containing it) to get quick and free access to data or even control over the system.

A backdoor is not necessarily a hacking instrument; it might be a tool for emergency troubleshooting. However, hackers use backdoors introduced via seemingly ordinary applications (in fact – Trojans) to fetch additional malware beyond the security perimeter of the operating system. Luckily, backdoors are recognizable, and anti-malware systems manage to detect them.

#18. Darknet Cybersecurity Threats

Darknet is not a cybersecurity threat, but it sounds menacing. However, it would be false to say that the darknet has no relation to cybersecurity threats. It is more of a place where designers and users of malware meet and communicate. Darknet is an anonymous overlay peer-to-peer file-sharing network (existing within the Internet) wherein connections are only established between trusted peers and via non-standard ports and protocols. Access to the darknet is only possible via special software, like Tor Browser. While the dark web is associated with illegal activity, accessing and browsing the dark web is legal. We recommend interesting useful tips for the darknet from Gridinsoft.

Darknet is associated with black markets, cybercrime, and terrorism, well-protected privacy, freedom of thought, and liberty from governmental control. Beware of these dangerous cybersecurity threats!

The post 20 Dangerous Types of Cybersecurity Threats appeared first on Gridinsoft Blog.

The commercial element makes the danger more tangible and serious. Let us list and describe the nastiest and most dangerous malware attacks in all areas likely to cause trouble in 2022.

#1. Attacks by Nation-State Threat Actors

Nation-state threat actors are the most dangerous cyber criminals on the Web. There are several reasons for thinking so. Nation-state hackers are professionals. They possess the best available technology. They work together with the countries’ secret services and can afford long-term preparations. They are legal in their own countries, and finally, they stake on stealth, so it is hard to detect them.

For example, the malware used by nation-state hackers recently discovered Pipedream is not targeting private computers. The aim of such attacks is industrial objects and programmable logic controllers on plants, factories, gasworks, etc.

These actors can also target banks or state registries. However, the most shocking news was the warning by the US authorities about Pipedream-armed hackers being ready to strike the electricity and natural gas supply facilities with the possibility of damaging real industrial objects.

#2. Clop Ransomware Attacks

Like any other ransomware, Clop encodes the targeted data files, making them inaccessible. Then the user finds a ransom note wherein racketeers tell where to send money (in the form of cryptocurrency) to get a decryption key. Clop ransomware is extremely dangerous as it works on most versions of Windows, highly evasive regarding security programs.

Note: Clop ransomware (sometimes stylized as “Cl0p”) has been one of the most prolific ransomware families in the last three years.

After the malware infiltrates the system, it gets escalated privileges and gains permission to alter and overwrite system files. Clop creates an entry in the Windows registry that broadens its capabilities.

Afterward, it sends data about the system right to the crooks. Clop then begins to scan the computer looking for files to encode. The target is images, videos, text documents, mp3, and other data files. The malware settings may vary, though.

Since Clop ransomware aims mainly at corporations, the range of ways it infiltrates the victim’s devices can probably be narrowed to links and attachments in messages and emails pretending to be sent by recognizable companies. Theoretically, ransomware can penetrate the system in many ways, though.

#3. Agent Tesla Malware Attacks

Agent Tesla is a highly elusive multifunctional malware complex combining features of spyware and stealers. It is an example of a harmful program that can be ordered as a service. That means Agent Tesla is a highly targeted weapon.

Agent Tesla is spyware that collects information about the actions of its victims by recording keystrokes and user interactions. On a special website that sells this malware, it is incorrectly positioned as legitimate software. Unpacking the final payload after the malware’s primary injection is a sophisticated process that involves steganography and unfolds in several stages. Such complexity allows Agent Tesla to avoid signature-based detection by security software.

The list of malicious functions of Agent Tesla is impressive: collecting and stealing device and system data, keylogging, screen capture, form-grabbing, stealing credentials, stealing browser data, etc.

#4. Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS)

Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) is not anything that substantially differs from the usual ransomware. What makes the difference is what happens behind the scenes. RaaS is a business model wherein one side provides the software and the infrastructure for paying the ransom (bitcoin wallet and technical support for victims). In contrast, the other side deals with delivering ransomware and provides the prey likely to fall victim to ransomware.

AS A FACT: I want to remind you that the introduction of ransomware is one of the most dangerous forms of cyberattacks. These include: Conti ransomware, Matrix ransomware, Makop ransomware, STOP/Djvu ransomware, etc.

RaaS does not guarantee the campaign’s success as it works just as usual in a software-as-a-service scheme. However, such a commercial attack is more likely to succeed because it is less random. The one who orders a service has a better approach to the victim, unlike a ransomware author trying to perform an attack by guesswork.

#5. AlienBot Malware Attacks

AlienBot malware is a password stealer targeting Android devices. It is a part of a malware-as-a-service scheme. AlienBot compromises legitimate banking applications, and although its primary goal is to harvest logins, passwords, banking credentials, and other fillable forms data, AlienBot provides criminals with a much broader range of possible malfeasance.

If Alienbot infiltrates the system, it lets criminals download any applications, backup data, control the device via TeamViewer, etc. .

Alienbot inhabited nine applications that crooks distributed via Google Play. This vulnerability has been fixed, and such a flagrant campaign is impossible with this malware. Nevertheless, users are still endangered if they carelessly follow dubious links and download unchecked applications onto their Android devices.

#6. Cryptojacking Malware Attacks

Cryptojacking is a state-of-the-art and relatively light type of attack. The already mentioned coin miners are a type of cryptojacking. However, we are talking now about a different case – when victims receive no malicious code on their computers.

Cryptojackers perform their attacks by luring users to click on banners and links, leading them to the script-wired web pages. The security software will not allow malicious scripts to run if the victim uses an antivirus program. It will simply block the dangerous webpage from opening.

However, if the victim has no protection – the enslaved processor will keep working for the sake of criminals until the end of the session. The crooks count on the massive quantities of people who will click this dangerous link.

#7. Social Engineering Attacks

Social engineering is an indispensable tool in a wide range of frauds aimed at fishing critical data such as logins and passwords for social media accounts from the victims without even employing malware. These campaigns are called phishing, and they most often use deceptive emails that make people think they are dealing with an actual company. Frauds disguise themselves as social media platforms, delivery services, banks, money transfer services, etc.

Phishing attacks are often combined with spoofing – the visual design of emails and fake websites that aims at the same goal – to make a person believe that the site they are viewing is what it tells it is.

Then the victim does not fear inputting their credentials in the signup form or any other trap. The login and password, or it might be the banking data or credit card details, go right to the crooks.

#8. Gameover ZeuS Virus

Zeus Gameover is a botnet that steals banking information from browsers by keylogging and form-grabbing executed by a Trojan. The main danger of malware attacks is its antivirus-evasion method.

NOTE: Often, botnets will launch a spam campaign on someone’s social media page or do it under someone’s YouTube video.

Unlike its predecessor, ZeuS, Zeus Gameover connects to its command and control servers via an encrypted peer-to-peer communication system. That makes the Trojan much harder to detect.

As the connection is established, besides stealing their victims’ credentials, hackers can control the system of the infected device up to installing and removing programs. Another menace comes from an extra function of Zeus Gameover – distribution of the Cryptolocker ransomware.

#9. Browser Hijacking

Browser hijackers are not a new phenomenon, but they are still active and dangerous throughout the web. The main characteristic of this type of malware is that it modifies the settings of the infected PCs’ web browsers. Usually, the user notices that the browser homepage and default search engine are suddenly changed. Other effects may vary.

A browser hijacker is a vehicle for the malicious payload, most likely spyware, adware, or both. Spyware collects data from the user and sends it to the threat actors. The consequences range from the data sold to third parties to identity theft and tangible harm.

Adware is a different thing – it throws pop-up banners with advertising right over webpages, opens unwanted pop-ups, and adds hyperlinks on webpages where they have not existed initially. It might seem that adware is comparatively harmless, but it is not so since any ad banner rendered by adware is also a menace.

Avoiding Virs Malware Attacks: Choosing a Security Solution

Modern security software is a must-have for today’s Internet users. Despite not being a panacea, for the malware is constantly transforming and antiviruses have to catch up, a decent security program protects its user from most malware specimens. GridinSoft Anti-Malware is a technically masterful and economically beneficial solution. It is a versatile program that can serve as a primary antivirus or an auxiliary scanning utility alongside another security system.

GridinSoft Anti-Malware features on-run defense (background protection,) Internet protection (blocks dangerous and warns about suspicious webpages) and deep scanning. The program is regularly updated, especially paying attention to the latest ransomware.The World Wide Web is not a hostile realm by itself, but any Internet user should be aware of the dangers lurking on the Net. If earlier harmful software was just fun for the hackers or vandalism in the worst case, today, malware attacks are a viable business model.

The commercial element makes the danger more tangible and more serious. Let us list and describe the nastiest and most dangerous malware attacks in all areas likely to cause trouble in 2022.

#1. Attacks by Nation-State Threat Actors

Nation-state threat actors are the most dangerous cyber criminals on the Web. There are several reasons for thinking so. Nation-state hackers are professionals. They possess the best available technology. They work together with the countries’ secret services and can afford long-term preparations. They are legal in their own countries, and finally, they stake on stealth, so it is hard to detect them.

For example, the malware used by nation-state hackers recently discovered Pipedream is not targeting private computers. The aim of such attacks is industrial objects and programmable logic controllers on plants, factories, gasworks, etc.

These actors can also target banks or various state registries. However, the most shocking news was the warning by the US authorities about Pipedream-armed hackers being ready to strike the electricity and natural gas supply facilities with the possibility of damaging real industrial objects.

#2. Clop Ransomware Attacks

Like any other ransomware, Clop encodes the targeted data files, making them inaccessible. Then the user finds a ransom note wherein racketeers tell where to send money (in the form of cryptocurrency) to get a decryption key. Clop ransomware is extremely dangerous as it works on most versions of Windows, highly evasive regarding security programs.

Note: Clop ransomware (sometimes stylized as “Cl0p”) has been one of the most prolific ransomware families in the last three years.

After the malware infiltrates the system, it gets escalated privileges and gains permission to alter and overwrite system files. Clop creates an entry in the Windows registry that broadens its capabilities.

Afterward, it sends data about the system right to the crooks. Clop then begins to scan the computer looking for files to encode. The target is images, videos, text documents, mp3, and other data files. The malware settings may vary, though.

Since Clop ransomware aims mainly at corporations, the range of ways it infiltrates the victim’s devices can probably be narrowed to links and attachments in messages and emails pretending to be sent by recognizable companies. Theoretically, ransomware can penetrate the system in many ways, though.

#3. Agent Tesla Malware Analysis

Agent Tesla is a highly elusive multifunctional malware complex combining features of spyware and stealers. It is an example of a harmful program that can be ordered as a service. That means Agent Tesla is a highly targeted weapon.

Agent Tesla is spyware that collects information about the actions of its victims by recording keystrokes and user interactions. On a special website that sells this malware, it is incorrectly positioned as legitimate software. Unpacking the final payload after the malware’s primary injection is a sophisticated process that involves steganography and unfolds in several stages. Such complexity allows Agent Tesla to avoid signature-based detection by security software.

The list of malicious functions of Agent Tesla is impressive: collecting and stealing device and system data, keylogging, screen capture, form-grabbing, stealing credentials, stealing browser data, etc.

#4. Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS)

Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) is not anything that substantially differs from the usual ransomware. What makes the difference is what happens behind the scenes. RaaS is a business model wherein one side provides the software and the infrastructure for paying the ransom (bitcoin wallet and technical support for victims). In contrast, the other side deals with delivering ransomware and provides the prey likely to fall victim to ransomware.

AS A FACT: I want to remind you that the introduction of ransomware is one of the most dangerous forms of cyberattacks. These include:Conti ransomware, Matrix ransomware, Makop ransomware,STOP/Djvu ransomware, etc.

RaaS does not guarantee the campaign’s success as it works just as usual in a software-as-a-service scheme. However, such a commercial attack is more likely to succeed because it is less random. The one who orders a service has a better approach to the victim, unlike a ransomware author trying to perform an attack by guesswork.

#5. AlienBot Malware

AlienBot malware is a password stealer targeting Android devices. It is a part of a malware-as-a-service scheme. AlienBot compromises legitimate banking applications, and although its primary goal is to harvest logins, passwords, banking credentials, and other fillable forms data, AlienBot provides criminals with a much broader range of possible malfeasance.

If Alienbot infiltrates the system, it lets criminals download any applications, backup data, control the device via TeamViewer, etc. .

Alienbot inhabited nine applications that crooks distributed via Google Play. This vulnerability has been fixed, and such a flagrant campaign is impossible with this malware. Nevertheless, users are still endangered if they carelessly follow dubious links and download unchecked applications onto their Android devices.

#6. Cryptojacking Malware

Cryptojacking is a state-of-the-art and relatively light type of attack. The already mentioned coin miners are a type of cryptojacking. However, we are talking now about a different case – when victims receive no malicious code on their computers.

Cryptojackers perform their attacks by luring users to click on banners and links, leading them to the script-wired web pages. The security software will not allow malicious scripts to run if the victim uses an antivirus program. It will simply block the dangerous webpage from opening.

However, if the victim has no protection – the enslaved processor will keep working for the sake of criminals until the end of the session. The crooks count on the massive quantities of people who will click this dangerous link.

#7. Social Engineering Attacks

Social engineering is an indispensable tool in a wide range of frauds aimed at fishing critical data such as logins and passwords for social media accounts from the victims without even employing malware. These campaigns are called phishing, and they most often use deceptive emails that make people think they are dealing with an actual company. Frauds disguise themselves as social media platforms, delivery services, banks, money transfer services, etc.

Phishing attacks are often combined with spoofing – the visual design of emails and fake websites that aims at the same goal – to make a person believe that the site they are viewing is what it tells it is.

Then the victim does not fear inputting their credentials in the signup form or any other trap. The login and password, or it might be the banking data or credit card details, go right to the crooks.

#8. Gameover ZeuS Virus

Zeus Gameover is a botnet that steals banking information from browsers by keylogging and form-grabbing executed by a Trojan. The main danger of this malware attacks is its antivirus-evasion method.

NOTE: Often, botnets will launch a spam campaign on someone’s social media page or do it under someone’s YouTube video.

Unlike its predecessor, ZeuS, Zeus Gameover connects to its command and control servers via an encrypted peer-to-peer communication system. That makes the Trojan much harder to detect.

As the connection is established, besides stealing their victims’ credentials, hackers can control the system of the infected device up to installing and removing programs. Another menace comes from an extra function of Zeus Gameover – distribution of the Cryptolocker ransomware.

#9. Browser Hijacking

Browser hijacker is not a new phenomenon, but they are still active and dangerous throughout the web. The main characteristic of this type of malware is that it modifies the settings of the infected PCs’ web browsers. Usually, the user notices that the browser homepage and default search engine are suddenly changed. Other effects may vary.

A browser hijacker is a vehicle for the malicious payload, most likely spyware, adware, or both. Spyware collects data from the user and sends it to the threat actors. The consequences range from the data sold to third parties to identity theft and tangible harm.

Adware is a different thing – it throws pop-up banners with advertising right over webpages, opens unwanted pop-ups, and adds hyperlinks on webpages where they have not existed initially. It might seem that adware is comparatively harmless, but it is not so since any ad banner rendered by adware is also a menace.

Avoiding Malware: Choosing a Security Solution

Modern security software is a must-have for today’s Internet users. Despite not being a panacea, for malware attacks are constantly transforming and antiviruses have to catch up, a decent security program protects its user from most malware specimens. GridinSoft Anti-Malware is a technically masterful and economically beneficial solution. It is a versatile program that can serve as a primary antivirus or an auxiliary scanning utility alongside another security system.

GridinSoft Anti-Malware features on-run defense (background protection,) Internet protection (blocks dangerous and warns about suspicious webpages) and deep scanning. The program is regularly updated, especially paying attention to the latest ransomware.

The post TOP 9 Malware Attacks: Compilation 2022 appeared first on Gridinsoft Blog.

Many people don’t realize it but using public Wi-Fi puts you at a great risk of losing confidentiality of your data and many other unpleasant consequences of poor cyber hygiene. A wireless access point (WAP) or just access point (AP) allows you to connect as many as possible wifi devices to a wired network.

The danger comes from within. In all public places like hotel rooms, public transport, libraries, coffee shops, restaurants, airports, shopping malls, etc. often lack some important security measures. And we are not talking here only about passwords. 

Why is Public Wi-Fi Insecure?

The public Wi-Fi network can be considered insecure for several reasons that can lead to further compromise of your device and data. Any public wifi will surely have some of them that you should be aware of in order to have some countermeasures already prepared in case you would need to use a public wifi network. You also would not necessarily have some of them immediately but rather when there’s one then here comes the another. Using tips and tricks you will be able to protect yourself and use public Wi-Fi safely. To be short, here are the reasons why it is important to secure your Wi-Fi network:

1. Theft of personal information. If you get hacked on any public wifi network the most serious loss could be of your personal info including banking logins, social security number, etc. Once a threat actor manages to obtain some of them they can infer further damage to you.
2. Potential cyberattacks. We mean here the risk of getting malware that depending on the nature of it can also bring no less “pleasant” consequences. It can be something like an infostealer or trojan but sometimes other interesting representatives of this specific fauna.
3. Unencrypted connection. Some websites have unencrypted connections that puts a user on the public wifi to significant risk.
4. You don’t control network network security settings. You have not set up passwords and also don`t know if there`s encryption in place.
5. Outdated router software. If it’s outdated then there’s a huge amount of exploits for anyone willing to go after your device and data.
6. Misconfigured Wi-Fi routers. Configuration means setting general wifi router settings like LAN (Local Area Network) Setting, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Setting, WAN (Wide Area Network) Setting, etc. For those threat actors who would know how to exploit any of the security breaches in one of these elements, misconfiguration of them gives an excellent try.

IMPORTANT: The Emotet Trojan tries to spread through available Wi-Fi networks¹. Once it finds an available network, Emotet tries to guess the credentials to access it. If the attempt is successful, the malware searches the new network for all Windows machines that might also be infected.

Hackers Can Use Public Wi-Fi

How to use Wi-Fi for free and keep your data private² is a very important topic to research. If you are intrested how exactly you can get hacked while using public wifi then it`s the next “challenge” for threat actors:

• You can get your session hijacked. During a session between your computer and some website an attacker can intercept the connection and pretend to be on the backend of the website you were connecting to. Because you’ve already logged in the attacker can have all the access, for example, to your banking account.
• You can get infected with a malware³. If you use public wifi you put yourself at a risk of a malware infection. It can be ads on the websites you visit that usually don’t have ads or it can be a much more serious threat like some info stealer.
• You can have your packet sniffed. It may sound funny but actually it’s not as funny as you’d think. In simple words anyone that is on the same connection as you can view what you are transmitting over the wifi network. Of course it’s possible if the connection is unencrypted, which in most cases is true for the public wifis.
• You can become victim of a Man-In-The-Middle Attack. When conducting this type of an attack the threat actor will set their own hotspot similar to the one, for example, of a hotel you`re currently staying in. The hotel named their wifi WellSleep but the attacker`s could be named WellSleap. Everything you will do while connecting to this fake public wifi will be on the attacker`s computer like login information,personal info, passwords, etc. Pay attention to this so that you can use public Wi-Fi safely and without threats.

Protect Your Information: Use Public Wi-Fi Safely

We’d say it’s better to use your own smartphone as a hotspot but if it can`t  be an option then a user should stick to some security measures to have safe and secure usage of public wifi. In all their bad light public wifis can sometimes really help you when you urgently need to connect to some website or just check the currently needed information. Don`t forget to use them every time you decide to connect to any public Wi-fi in a hotel or airport:

1) Use Antivirus. The most basic thing of today`s cyber hygiene. Use a special antivirus solution to protect your device in case of a malware cyber attack. Also don’t forget to check if you will be running the latest version of an antivirus solution. Set an alert for any future malware encroaching on your device`s safety and security. One of the profitable and working methods is Gridinsoft Anti-malware.

2) Also use a firewall. Firewall doesn’t allow any external threats to come to your system. It can be considered a complete protection but having one on the security guard of your device won’t be a waste of time and effort. You already have the inbuilt firewall in your system just go to check if it’s enabled or not. This is one of the recommendations that will help you use public Wi-Fi safely.  

3) Use HTTPS.  If you don’t use VPN then it’s very important for you to look only for those sites that have the encryption in place. The encryption means that the connection between the web server and browser is secured and no one except you can access the shared data. Most browsers will have a padlock to show that the connection on this website is secured.

4) Use  Virtual Private Network.  A VPN (Virtual Private Network) allows you anonymously to surf through the internet without anyone knowing your actual location. The tool also helps you to encrypt your data traffic so when you are using an unencrypted connection on some website your data will be secured. It creates a protected tunnel that your data will be passing through making it unobtainable by threat actors. Using a VPN will help you use public Wi-Fi safely and without threats to your personal data. 

5) Verify public wifi network,  configure it and turn off sharing option. Before you connect to any public wifi network go and ask for the right name for it. Check with an employee if that is the right wifi hotspot you are looking for. If you have this set then put the important for your safety security settings like disable sharing file option, right after you are done working with the public wifi network put the optin forget it so you won’t be automatically connecting to it once you will come to the place again. 

6) Don’t access or send any sensitive data. To be hundred percent sure your highly sensitive data won’t get exposed while you are using a public wifi network it will be better not to work with it at all. Simply because you don`t know for sure if the apps you are using don’t have any flaws themselves that will allow threat actors to access your sensitive data. 

7) Use 2-Factor Authentication. In case a threat actor will manage somehow to obtain your login information they still could not use it. Because in this security method apart from entering your login information you will also have to enter a code sent to your phone to additionally check your identity. Any website that deals with highly sensitive information will have this one that works as a secondary authentication method.

8) Pay attention to any warnings arisen. Always attend to any notifications that will appear on your phone as they might indicate the compromise of your device, let it be fake notifications created by malware or the actual system alert. The same goes for the websites because most browsers will warn before you proceed to the website you want to visit. Don’t just be careless and instead be your own first security guard. 

8) Install browser add-ons or plug-ins that will help you to boost the security. You can use special add-ons in your browser to help you with the encryption of website connection. For example in the Firefox browser you can install HTTPS-Everywhere and Force-TLS that makes the browser apply the encryption on popular websites that don’t have it. But they do not work on every website so you still have to look for the padlock in the address bar. 

The post How To Use Public Wi-Fi Safely: Risks To Watch Out For appeared first on Gridinsoft Blog.

GridinSoft Anti-Malware is a powerful and reliable antivirus solution that provides real-time protection against all types of malware, including viruses, trojans, spyware, and adware. With its advanced technology, GridinSoft Anti-Malware can detect and remove even the most sophisticated malware, ensuring that your computer is always protected.

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